Nginx 性能调优实战：从 1000 到 10万 QPS

默认配置的 Nginx 已经很快了，但通过调优可以释放更多性能。

1. Worker 进程配置

worker_processes auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events {
    worker_connections 65535;
    multi_accept on;
    use epoll;
}

2. 开启 Gzip 压缩

gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_min_length 1024;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml;

3. 连接复用与超时

keepalive_timeout 65;
keepalive_requests 1000;
send_timeout 10;
client_body_timeout 10;

4. 静态文件优化

location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
    expires 30d;
    add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
}

5. 缓冲区调整

proxy_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;

6. 限流保护

limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=100r/s;
location /api/ {
    limit_req zone=api burst=200 nodelay;
}

内核参数也要调

sysctl -w net.core.somaxconn=65535
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets=1440000
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1

组合使用这些优化，QPS 轻松上 10 万。