Kubernetes 入门：Pod、Deployment 和 Service

什么是 Kubernetes？

K8s 是容器编排平台，自动化部署、扩展和管理容器化应用。

核心概念

Pod（最小部署单元）

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx:1.21
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80

Deployment（声明式更新）

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.21

Service（服务发现）

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
  type: LoadBalancer

常用命令

kubectl get pods
kubectl get deployments
kubectl get services
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
kubectl delete pod <name>

架构组件

• Master Node：控制平面
• Worker Node：运行 Pod
• kubelet：节点代理
• kube-proxy：网络代理